Archive for February 2014
NOKIA
Nokia is a Finnish communications and information
technology multinational
corporation that is headquartered
in Espoo, Finland. Its Nokia
Solutions and Networks company
provides telecommunications
network equipment and services, while Internet services, including applications, games, music, media andmessaging, and free-of-charge
digital map information and navigation services, are delivered through its
wholly owned subsidiary Navteq.
As of
2012, Nokia employs 101,982 people across 120 countries, conducts sales in more
than 150 countries, and reports annual revenues of around €30 billion. By the fourth quarter of 2012, it was
the world's second-largest mobile
phone maker in terms of unit
sales (after Samsung), with a global market
share of 18.0%. Now, Nokia only has a 3.2% market
share in smartphones. They lost 40% of their revenue in
mobile phones in Q2 2013. Nokia is a public
limited-liability company listed
on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New
York Stock Exchange. It is the world's 274th-largest
company measured by 2013 revenues according to the Fortune Global 500.
Nokia was
the world's largest vendor of mobile phones from 1998 to 2012. However, the company's market share
has declined since 2007 as a result of the growing use of touchscreen
smartphones from other vendors—principally the iPhone, by Apple, and devices running onAndroid,
an operating system created by Google. The corporation's share price
fell from a high of US$40 in late 2007 to under US$2 in mid-2012. In a bid to recover, Nokia announced a
strategic partnership with Microsoft in February 2011, leading to the
replacement of Symbian with
Microsoft's Windows Phone operating system in all Nokia
smartphones. Following the replacement of the
Symbian system, Nokia's smartphone sales figures, which had previously
increased, collapsed dramatically. From the beginning of 2011 until 2013,
Nokia fell from its position as the world's largest smartphone vendor to assume
the status of tenth largest.
On 2
September 2013, Microsoft announced its intent to purchase
Nokia's mobile phone business unit as part of an overall deal totaling €5.44
billion (US$7.17 billion). Stephen
Elop, Nokia's former CEO, and several other executives will join Microsoft as
part of the deal.
Nokia
unveiled its' third range on 24 February 2014, the Nokia X family, which run a modified
version of the Android operating
system. The range includes three mid-tier devices; Nokia X, Nokia X+ and Nokia
XL.
The technologies that preceded
modern cellular mobile telephony systems were the various "0G"
pre-cellular mobile radio
telephony standards. Nokia had
been producing commercial and some military mobile radio communications
technology since the 1960s, although this part of the company was sold some
time before the later company rationalization. Since 1964, Nokia had developed VHF radio
simultaneously with Salora Oy. In
1966, Nokia and Salora started developing the ARP standard (which stands for
Autoradiopuhelin, or car radio
phone in English), a
car-based mobile radio telephony system and the first commercially operated
public mobile phone network in Finland. It went online in 1971 and offered 100%
coverage in 1978.
In 1979,
the merger of Nokia and Salora resulted in the establishment of Mobira Oy.
Mobira began developing mobile phones for the NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony) network
standard, the first-generation,
first fully automatic cellular phone system that went online in 1981. In 1982, Mobira introduced its first car phone, the Mobira Senator for
NMT-450 networks.
Nokia
bought Salora Oy in 1984 and now owning 100% of the company, changed the
company's telecommunications branch name to Nokia-Mobira Oy. The Mobira
Talkman, launched in 1984, was one of the world's first transportable phones.
In 1987, Nokia introduced one of the world's first handheld phones, the Mobira Cityman 900 for NMT-900 networks (which, compared
to NMT-450, offered a better signal, yet a shorter roam). While the Mobira
Senator of 1982 had weighed 9.8 kg (22 lb) and the Talkman just under
5 kg (11 lb), the Mobira Cityman weighed only 800 g (28 oz)
with the battery and had a price tag of 24,000 Finnish marks (approximately €4,560). Despite the high price, the first
phones were almost snatched from the sales assistants' hands. Initially, the
mobile phone was a "yuppie" product and a status symbol.
Nokia's
mobile phones got a big publicity boost in 1987, when Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was pictured using a Mobira Cityman to
make a call fromHelsinki to his
communications minister in Moscow. This led to the phone's nickname of the
"Gorba".
In 1988,
Jorma Nieminen, resigning from the post of CEO of the mobile phone unit, along
with two other employees from the unit, started a notable mobile phone company
of their own, Benefon Oy (since renamed to GeoSentric). One year later, Nokia-Mobira Oy became
Nokia Mobile Phones.
Symbian was the main operating system of Nokia
smartphones by 2012, Nokia 808 PureView, launched in February 2012 was the last
Symbian smartphone.
In Q4
2004, Nokia released its first touch screen phone, the Nokia 7710.
In
September 2006, Nokia announced the Nokia
N95, a Symbian-powered slider smartphone. It was released in February 2007 as
the first phone with a 5-megapixel camera. It became hugely popular. An
8 GB variant was released in October 2007.
In
November 2007, Nokia announced and released the Nokia N82, its first Nseries phone
with Xenon flash. At the Nokia
World conference in December 2007, Nokia announced their "Comes With
Music" program: Nokia device buyers are to receive a year of complimentary
access to music downloads. The service became commercially
available in the second half of 2008.
The first
Nseries device, the N90, utilised the older Symbian
OS 8.1 mobile operating system, as did the
N70. Subsequently Nokia switched to using SymbianOS 9 for all later Nseries
devices (except the N72, which was based on the N70). Newer Nseries devices
incorporate newer revisions of SymbianOS 9 that include Feature Packs. The N800, N810, N900, N9 andN950 are as of April 2012 the only Nseries
devices (therefore excluding Lumia devices) to not use Symbian OS. They
use the Linux-based Maemo, except the N9(50), which uses MeeGo.
In 2008,
Nokia released the Nokia E71 which was marketed to directly compete
with the other BlackBerry-type
devices offering a full "qwerty" keyboard and cheaper prices.
The Nokia N8, from September 2010, is the
first device to function on the Symbian^3 mobile operating system. Nokia
revealed that the N8 will be the last device in its flagship N-series devices
to ship with Symbian OS.
The Nokia 808 PureView has a 41-megapixel camera, more than
any other smartphone on the market. It was released in February 2012 and
contains a 1.3 GHz processor. On 25 January 2013, Nokia announced this was
the last Symbian smartphone the company would make.
Tag :
Devices
Samsung
SAMSUNG GROUP is a South Korean multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul. It comprises numerous
subsidiaries and affiliated businesses, most of them united under the Samsung brand, and is the largest South Korean chaebol (business conglomerate).
Samsung
was founded by Lee Byung-chul in 1938 as a trading company. Over the next three
decades the group diversified into areas including food processing, textiles,
insurance, securities and retail. Samsung entered the electronics industry in the late 1960s and the construction
and shipbuilding industries in the mid-1970s; these areas would drive its
subsequent growth. Following Lee's death in 1987, Samsung was separated into
four business groups – Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group and Hansol Group. Since the 1990s
Samsung has increasingly globalized its activities, and electronics,
particularly mobile phones and semiconductors, have become its most important
source of income.
Notable
Samsung industrial subsidiaries include Samsung
Electronics (the world's largest information technology
company measured by 2012
revenues, and 4th in market value), Samsung
Heavy Industries (the world's
2nd-largest shipbuilder measured by 2010 revenues), and Samsung Engineering and Samsung
C&T (respectively the world's
13th and 36th-largest construction companies). Other notable subsidiaries include Samsung Life Insurance (the world's 14th-largest life
insurance company), Samsung Everland (operator of Everland Resort, the
oldest theme park in South Korea), Samsung Techwin (an aerospace, surveillance and
defense company) and Cheil
Worldwide(the world's 15th-largest advertising agency measured by 2012
revenues).
Samsung
has a powerful influence on South Korea's economic development, politics, media
and culture, and has been a major driving force behind the "Miracle on the
Han River". Its affiliate companies produce around
a fifth of South Korea's total exports. Samsung's revenue was equal to 17% of
South Korea's $1,082 billion GDP.
In 2013,
Samsung began construction on building the world's largest mobile phone factory
in the Thai Nguyen province of Vietnam.
According to the founder of
Samsung Group, the meaning of the Korean hanja word Samsung (三星)
is "tristar" or "three stars". The word "three"
represents something "big, numerous and powerful"; the
"stars" mean eternity.
Tag :
Devices
Android
ANDROID is an operating
system based on the Linux kernel, and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet
computers. Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later bought in
2005, Android was unveiled in 2007 along
with the founding of the Open
Handset Alliance: a consortium of hardware,
software, and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. The first publicly available
smartphone running Android, the HTC
Dream, was released on October 22, 2008.
The user interface of Android is based on direct manipulation, using touch
inputs that loosely correspond to real-world actions, like swiping, tapping,
pinching and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen objects. Internal
hardware such as accelerometers, gyroscopes and proximity
sensors are used by some
applications to respond to additional user actions, for example adjusting the
screen from portrait to landscape depending on how the device is oriented.
Android allows users to customize their home screens with shortcuts to
applications and widgets, which
allow users to display live content, such as emails and weather information,
directly on the home screen. Applications can further send notifications to the
user to inform them of relevant information, such as new emails and text
messages.
Android's source code is released by Google under the Apache License; this permissive licensing allows the
software to be freely modified and distributed by device manufacturers,
wireless carriers and enthusiast developers. Most Android devices ship with a
combination of open source and proprietary software. As of July 2013, Android has the
largest number of applications ("apps"), available for download in Google Play store which has had over 1 million
apps published, and over 50 billion downloads. A developer survey conducted in
April–May 2013 found that Android is the most used platform among developers:
it is used by 71% of the mobile developers population.
Android
is popular with technology companies which require a ready-made, low-cost and
customizable operating system for high-tech devices. Despite being primarily designed
for phones and tablets, it also has been used in televisions, games consoles, digital cameras and other electronics. Android's open
nature has encouraged a large community of developers and enthusiasts to use
the open-source code as a foundation for community-driven projects, which add
new features for advanced users or bring Android to devices which were
officially released running other operating systems.
As of May
2012, Android became the most popular mobile
OS, having the largest installed base, and is a market leader in most countries including the United States; there it
has had the highest installed base of mobile phones for years. In the third quarter of 2013,
Android's share of the global smartphone shipment market—led by Samsung
products—was 81.3%, the highest ever. In most markets Android-powered phones
are the most popular comprising more than half of the overall smartphone sales,
including the United States market starting with the September–November 2013
period. The operating system's success has
made it a target for patent litigation as part of the so-called "smartphone
wars" between technology companies. As of September 2013, one billion
Android devices have been activated.
General Features
Messaging
SMS and MMS are available forms of messaging, including threaded text messaging and Android
Cloud To Device Messaging (C2DM) and now
enhanced version of C2DM, Android Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is also a part of Android Push Messaging service.
Web browser
The web browser available in Android is based on the open-source Blink (previously WebKit) layout engine, coupled
with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. The browser scores 100/100 on the Acid3 test on Android 4.0.
Voice based features
Google search through voice has been available since initial
release. Voice actions for calling, texting,
navigation, etc. are supported on Android 2.2 onwards. As of Android 4.1, Google has expanded Voice Actions with
the ability to talk back and read answers from Google's Knowledge Graph when
queried with specific commands. The ability to
control hardware has not yet been implemented.
Multi-touch
Android has native support for multi-touch which
was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero. The feature was originally disabled at the kernel level
(possibly to avoid infringing Apple's patents on touch-screen technology at the
time). Google has since released an update for
the Nexus One and the Motorola Droid which enables multi-touch natively.
Multitasking
Multitasking of applications, with unique handling of memory
allocation, is available.
Screen capture
Android supports capturing a screenshot by pressing the
power and volume-down buttons at the same time. Prior to Android 4.0, the only methods of capturing a
screenshot were through manufacturer and third-party customizations or
otherwise by using a PC connection (DDMS developer's tool). These alternative
methods are still available with the latest Android.
Video calling
Android does not support native video calling, but some handsets
have a customized version of the operating system that supports it, either via
the UMTS network (like the Samsung Galaxy S) or over IP. Video calling through Google Talk is available in
Android 2.3.4 and later. Gingerbread allows Nexus S to place Internet
calls with a SIP account. This allows for enhanced VoIP dialing to other SIP
accounts and even phone numbers. Skype 2.1 offers video calling in Android 2.3,
including front camera support. Users with the Google+ Android app can video chat with other google+ users
through hangouts.
Multiple language
support
Android supports multiple languages.
Accessibility
Built in text to speech is provided by Talk back for
people with low or no vision. Enhancements for people with hearing disabilities
is available as is other aids.
Connectivity
Connectivity
Android supports connectivity technologies including GSM/EDGE, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LTE, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, NFC, IDEN and WiMAX.
Bluetooth
Supports voice dialing and sending contacts between phones,
sending files (OPP), accessing the phone book (PBAP), A2DP and AVRCP. Keyboard, mouse and
joystick (HID) support is available in Android 3.1+, and in
earlier versions through manufacturer customizations and third-party
applications.
Tethering
Android supports tethering, which allows a phone
to be used as a wireless/wired Wi-Fi hotspot.
Before Android 2.2 this was supported by third-party applications or
manufacturer customizations.
Media
Streaming media support
RTP/RTSP streaming (3GPP PSS, ISMA), HTML progressive download (HTML5 <video> tag). Adobe Flash Streaming (RTMP) and HTTP Dynamic Streaming are
supported by the Flash plugin. Apple HTTP Live
Streaming is supported by RealPlayer
for Android, and by the operating system since Android 3.0 (Honeycomb).
Media support
Android supports the following audio/video/still media formats: WebM, H.263, H.264, AAC, HE-AAC (in 3GP or MP4 container), MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB (in 3GP container), MP3, MIDI,Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, WebP.
External storage
Most Android devices include microSD slot and can read microSD
cards formatted with FAT32, Ext3 or Ext4 file system. To allow use of high-capacity storage media
such as USB flash drivesand USB HDDs, many Android tablets
also include USB 'A' receptacle. Storage formatted with FAT32 is handled by Linux Kernel VFAT
driver, while 3rd party solutions are required to handle other popular file
systems such as NTFS, HFS Plus and exFAT.
Hardware support
Android devices can include still/video cameras, touchscreens, GPS, accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers,
dedicated gaming controls, proximity and pressure sensors,thermometers, accelerated 2D bit blits (with hardware orientation, scaling, pixel format
conversion) and accelerated 3D graphics.
Other
Java support
While most Android applications are written in Java, there is no Java Virtual Machine in the platform and Java byte code is not executed. Java
classes are compiled into Dalvik executables and run on Dalvik, a specialized virtual machine designed specifically for Android
and optimized for battery-powered mobile devices with limited memory and CPU. J2ME support can be provided via third-party applications.
Handset layouts
The platform works for various screen sizes from smartphone sizes
and to tablet size, and can potentially connect to an external screen, eg.
through HDMI, or wirelessly with Miracast. Portrait and landscape orientations are supported and usually
switching between by turning. A 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGL ES 2.0 specifications
is used.
Storage
SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes.
Tag :
Devices
Brian Lara
BRIAN CHARLES LARA, (born
2 May 1969) is a former West
Indian international cricket player. He is widely acknowledged as one of
the greatest batsmen of his era and one of the finest ever to have
graced the game. He topped the Test batting rankings on several occasions and holds several
cricketing records, including the record for the highest individual score in first-class cricket, with 501 not out
forWarwickshire against Durham at Edgbaston in 1994, which is the only quintuple
hundred in first-class cricket history.
Lara also
holds the record for the highest individual score in a test innings after
scoring 400 not out against England at Antigua in 2004. He is the only batsman to have ever
scored a hundred, a double century, a triple century, a quadruple century and a
quintuple century in first class games over the course of a senior career. Lara also holds the test record of
scoring the highest number of runs in a single over in a Test match, when he
scored 28 runs off an over by Robin
Peterson of South Africa in 2003.
Lara's
match-winning performance of 153 not out against Australia in Bridgetown, Barbados in 1999 has been rated by Wisden as the second best batting performance
in the history of Test cricket, next only to the 270 runs scored by Sir Donald Bradman in The
Ashes Test match of 1937. Muttiah Muralitharan, rated as the
greatest Test match bowler ever by Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, and the highest wicket-taker in both Test cricket and in One Day Internationals (ODIs),has hailed Lara as his toughest
opponent among all batsmen in the world.Lara was awarded the Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World awards in 1994 and 1995 and is also one of only three
cricketers to receive the prestigious BBC
Overseas Sports Personality of the Year, the other two being Sir Garfield Sobers and Shane
Warne.
Brian
Lara was appointed honorary member of the Order
of Australia on 27 November 2009. On 14 September 2012 he was inducted
to theICC's Hall of Fame at the
awards ceremony held in Colombo, Sri Lanka as a 2012-13 inductee along with
Australian Glenn McGrath and former England women all-rounder Enid Bakewell.
Brian
Lara is popularly nicknamed as "The Prince of Port of Spain" or
simply "The Prince". He
has the dubious distinction of playing in second highest number of test matches
(63) in which his team was on losing side, just behind Shivnarine Chanderpaul (68).
Lara was the 10th of 11 children.
Lara's father Bunty and one of his older sisters Agnes Cyrus enrolled him in
the local Harvard Coaching Clinic at the age of six for weekly coaching
sessions on Sundays. As a result, Lara had a very early education in correct
batting technique. Lara's first school was St. Joseph's Roman Catholic primary.
He then went to San Juan secondary, which is located in Moreau Road, Lower
Santa Cruz. A year later, at fourteen years old, he moved on to Fatima College where he started his development as a
promising young player under cricket coach Mr. Harry Ramdass. Aged 14, he
amassed 745 runs in the schoolboys' league, with an average of 126.16 per
innings, which earned him selection for the Trinidad national under-16 team. When
he was 15 years old, he played in his first West Indian under-19 youth
tournament and that same year, Lara represented West Indies in Under-19
cricket.
Lara
moved in with his future fellow Trinidadian cricketer Michael Carew in Woodbrook, Port of Spain (a 20 minute drive from Santa Cruz).
Michael's father Joey Carew worked with him on his cricketing and
personal career development. Michael got Lara his first job at Angostura Ltd.in the marketing
department. Lara played in Trinidad and Tobago junior soccer and table
tennis sides but Lara believed
that cricket was his path to success, saying that he wanted to emulate his
idols Gordon Greenidge, Viv Richards and Roy
Fredericks.
Lara has dated former Durham
County Cricket Club receptionist and British lingerie model Lynnsey Ward. During the West Indies tour to
Australia in late 2000, Lara was accompanied by Ward.
Lara is
the father of two girls one called Sydney (born 1996) whom he fathered with
Trinidadian journalist and model Leasel Rovedas. Sydney was named as a tribute
to one of Lara's favourite grounds, the Sydney
Cricket Ground, where Lara scored his first Test century- the highly acclaimed
277 in the 1992–93 season. His second daughter Tyla was also with Leasel
Rovedas she was born in 2010.
His
father died in 1989 of a heart attack and his mother died in 2002 of cancer.
In 2009,
Lara was made an honorary Member of the Order
of Australia (AM) for services to
West Indian and Australian cricket.
Tag :
Cricket
MS Dhoni
MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI (commonly known as M. S. Dhoni) (born 7 July 1981)
is an Indian cricketer and the currentcaptain of the Indian national cricket team. He is an
attacking right-handed middle-order batsman and wicket-keeper. He is widely regarded
as one of the greatest finishers in limited-overs cricket.He made his One Day International (ODI) debut in December 2004 againstBangladesh,
and played his first Test a year later against Sri Lanka.
Dhoni is
the captain of India in all three
forms of the game. His Test and
ODI records are the best among all Indian captains to date. He took over the
ODI captaincy from Rahul Dravid in 2007 and led the team to its first
ever bilateral ODI series wins in Sri Lanka and New Zealand. Under his
captaincy, India won the 2007 ICC
World Twenty20, the CB Series of 2007–08, the 2010 Asia Cup, the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup and the2013 ICC Champions Trophy. In
the final of the 2011 World Cup, Dhoni scored 91 not out off 79 balls to take
India to victory for which he was awarded the Man of the Match. After taking up
the Test captaincy in 2008, he led the team to series wins in New Zealand and West
Indies, and the Border-Gavaskar
Trophy in 2008, 2010 and 2013. In
2009, Dhoni also led the Indian team to number one position for the first time
in the ICC Test rankings. In
2013, under his captaincy, India became the first team in more than 40 years to whitewash Australia in a Test series. In June
2013, when India defeated England in the final of the Champions Trophy in
England, Dhoni became the first captain to win all the three ICC trophies. He
has also captained the Chennai
Super Kings to victory in the 2010 and 2011 seasons
of Indian Premier League along with the 2010 Champions League Twenty20.
Dhoni
holds the post of Vice-President of India
Cements Ltd. after resigning from Air India. India Cements is the owner
of the IPL team Chennai Super Kings, and Dhoni has been its captain since the
first edition of IPL.
Dhoni has
been the recipient of many awards including the ICC ODI Player of the Year award in 2008 and 2009 (the first
player to win the award twice), the Rajiv
Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2007
and the Padma Shri, India's
fourth highest civilian honour, in 2009. He was named as the captain of ICC
World Test XI and ICC World ODI XI teams for 2009. The Indian Territorial Army conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel to Dhoni on 1 November 2011. He is the
second Indian cricketer after Kapil
Dev to have received this honour.
In June 2013, Forbes ranked Dhoni at 16th in the list of highest paid athletes in the
world, estimating his earnings at $31.5 million.The TIME
magazine has added Dhoni in its
"Time 100" list of 100 most influential people of 2011. SportsPro has rated Dhoni as the sixteenth most
marketable athlete in the world.[
Dhoni was born in Ranchi, Bihar (now in Jharkhand),and he identifies as being a Rajput.His paternal village Lvali is in the
Lamgarha block of the Almora
District of Uttarakhand. Dhoni's parents, moved
from Uttarakhand to Ranchi where Pan Singh worked in
junior management positions in MECON.
Dhoni has a sister Jayanti Gupta and a brother Narendra Singh Dhoni. Dhoni is a fan of Adam Gilchrist, and his childhood
idols were cricket teammate Sachin
Tendulkar, Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachchan and singer Lata Mangeshkar.
Dhoni
studied at DAV Jawahar Vidya
Mandir, Shyamali, Ranchi, Jharkhand where he initially excelled in badminton
and football and was selected at district and club
level in these sports. Dhoni was a goalkeeper for his football team and was sent to
play cricket for a local cricket club by his football coach. Though he had not
played cricket, Dhoni impressed with his wicket-keeping skills and became the
regular wicketkeeper at the Commando cricket club (1995–1998). Based on his
performance at club cricket, he was picked for the 1997/98 season Vinoo Mankad
Trophy Under-16 Championship and he performed well.Dhoni focused on cricket after his
10th standard. Dhoni was a Train Ticket Examiner
(TTE) at Kharagpur railway
station from 2001 to 2003, under
South Eastern Railway in Midnapore (W), a district in West Bengal. His colleagues remember
him as a very honest, straightforward employee of the Indian Railways. But he
also had a mischievous side to his personality. Once, while staying at the
railway quarters, Dhoni and a couple of his friends covered themselves in white
bedsheets and walked around in the complex late in the night. The night guards
were fooled into believing that there were ghosts moving around in the complex.
The story made big news on the next day.
Dhoni married Sakshi Singh Rawat,
a native of Dehradun, Uttarakhand,
on 4 July 2010. At the time of their marriage, she was studying Hotel
Management and was working as a trainee at the Taj Bengal, Kolkata. After the
retirement of Sakshi’s father from tea gardens, their family shifted to their
native place, Dehradun.
The
wedding stumped the media and the fans as it took place only a day after the
couple got engaged. Bollywood actress Bipasha Basu, a close friend of Dhoni,
was quick to inform the media that the wedding was planned for months and was
not a spur of the moment decision.
Dhoni was named the captain of
Indian squad for the inaugural ICC
World Twenty20 held in South
Africa in September 2007. India were crowned champions as Dhoni
led the team to victory against Pakistan in a thrilling contest. He, then, went on to become the ODI
captain of the Indian team for the seven-match ODI series against Australia in September 2007. He made his debut as full-time Test
captain of India during the fourth and final Test against Australia at Nagpur
in November 2008 replacing Anil
Kumble who was injured in the
third test and who then announced his retirement. Dhoni was vice-captain in
this series up to that point. India eventually won that Test thus
clinching the series 2–0 and retained the Border-Gavaskar
Trophy. Dhoni had previously captained India
on a stand-in basis against South
Africa and Australia in 2008 and
2009 respectively.
It was
under his captaincy that India climbed to No. 1 in the ICC Test Rankings in
December 2009. After that he managed to lead India in a series-leveling world
championship of Tests against the South Africans in February 2010. India also
managed to draw the Test series 1-1 in South Africa later that year.
After
winning the 2011 ICC Cricket
World Cup final against Sri Lanka
on 2 April 2011 with his match winning knock of unbeaten 91, Tendulkar heaped
praises on Dhoni, claiming him to be the best captain he has played under.
Tendulkar mentioned that it was Dhoni's calm influence that was rubbing off on
all his team-mates and described Dhoni's handling of pressure was incredible.
Only nine
players have captained ten or more Tests playing as a wicket-keeper. Dhoni
leads the table with 33 Tests as captain, 15 ahead of Gerry Alexander in second place.
In March
2013, Dhoni became the most successful Indian Test captain when he eclipsed Sourav Ganguly’s record of 21
victories from 49 Tests. Ganguly
also said in an interview to a news channel that Dhoni is the all-time greatest
captain of India and he has a great record to support this credential.
Tag :
Cricket
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